Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) Practice Test

To understand the side effects of antipsychotic medication, a mental health nurse should focus on which neurotransmitter's action?

1. Dopamine

2. Norepinephrine

3. Acetylcholine

4. Serotonin

The correct answer is: Acetylcholine

The correct focus for understanding the side effects of antipsychotic medication is the action of dopamine. Antipsychotic medications primarily work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly the D2 subtype. Dopamine is heavily involved in regulating mood, motivation, and psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. The relationship between antipsychotics and dopamine explains a variety of side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as tremors, rigidity, and tardive dyskinesia, which arise due to the interference with dopamine pathways. Additionally, the alteration of dopamine levels can lead to other effects, such as sedation, weight gain, and metabolic syndrome. While norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and serotonin do play roles in the neurochemical landscape and can influence mood and behavior, antipsychotic medications are primarily associated with dopamine's modulation. Understanding the relationship between dopamine receptor blockade and the resultant side effects is crucial for nurses in mental health settings to effectively manage and educate patients regarding their treatment.