Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) Practice Test

Which medication type is a common cause of dry mouth in elderly clients?

1. Antidepressants

2. Antihypertensives

3. Anticholinergics

4. Antibiotics

The correct answer is: Anticholinergics

Anticholinergics are a common cause of dry mouth, particularly in elderly clients. These medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including salivation. By inhibiting this neurotransmitter, anticholinergics reduce saliva production, leading to dry mouth. This side effect can be particularly prominent in older adults, who may already have decreased saliva production due to aging or other health conditions. While antidepressants, antihypertensives, and antibiotics can also cause dry mouth, anticholinergics are more directly linked to this particular side effect due to their specific mechanism of action. Understanding the medication's side effects is essential for nursing practice, especially in the elderly, as dry mouth can significantly impact their quality of life and increase the risk of dental issues.