Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) Practice Test

Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications?

1. Weight gain

2. Photosensitivity

3. Extrapyramidal symptoms

4. Fluid retention

The correct answer is: Fluid retention

Antipsychotic medications can lead to a variety of side effects due to their impact on neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Weight gain is a common concern with many atypical antipsychotics as they can alter metabolism and appetite regulation. Photosensitivity, while less discussed, can occur with some medications, causing patients to have an increased sensitivity to sunlight, leading to skin reactions. Extrapyramidal symptoms are well-known side effects associated with typical antipsychotics, impacting motor control and potentially leading to conditions such as Parkinsonism or akathisia. These symptoms arise due to the blockade of dopamine receptors, influencing the extrapyramidal system responsible for coordinating movement. Fluid retention is not typically a direct side effect of antipsychotic medications. Although some medications may indirectly lead to conditions that cause fluid retention, such as changes to hormonal levels or metabolic processes, it is less commonly recognized as a side effect in the same way that weight gain, photosensitivity, and extrapyramidal symptoms are. Thus, fluid retention distinguishes itself as not being a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications.