Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) Practice Test

Whose theory suggests that female development is based on experiences within relationships?

1. Sigmund Freud

2. Carl Jung

3. Erik Erikson

4. Carol Gilligan

The correct answer is: Carol Gilligan

The theory associated with the correct choice emphasizes that female development is significantly influenced by interpersonal relationships and the context in which women find themselves. Carol Gilligan proposed that women tend to view ethical dilemmas and development through the lens of care and connection rather than the more abstract principles of justice, which are often highlighted in traditional developmental theories. Gilligan's work contrasts with that of her predecessors, as she criticized Freud and Kohlberg for predominantly focusing on male-centric models of moral development. She argued that women's moral reasoning is rooted in a context of relationships, nurturing, and care, suggesting that female identity and ethics emerge from social interactions and relationships with others. This perspective underscores the importance of empathy and connection in women's development, affirming that these relational experiences are vital in shaping their understanding of self and ethics. This focus on relationships differentiates her theory and highlights the unique aspects of female experiences in development, marking a significant contribution to the field of developmental psychology.