Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) Practice Test

During the alarm stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, patients typically exhibit what response?

1. A muscle contraction response

2. An adrenocortical response

3. A decrease in heart rate

4. A withdrawal response

The correct answer is: An adrenocortical response

During the alarm stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, patients typically exhibit an adrenocortical response. This stage is primarily characterized by the body's initial reaction to a stressor, which activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In response, the adrenal glands release stress hormones, particularly cortisol, which plays a crucial role in preparing the body to respond to perceived threats. This increase in cortisol levels enhances alertness, mobilizes energy reserves, and prepares the cardiovascular system for a fight-or-flight response. The physiological changes during this stage include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, heightened blood glucose levels, and a general state of heightened arousal, all aimed at enabling the body to cope with immediate stress. The other responses listed, such as muscle contraction, decreased heart rate, or withdrawal, do not accurately capture the dominant physiological changes occurring during the alarm phase. Instead, they may represent different reactions or adaptations that occur in later stages or under different circumstances. Hence, the focus on the adrenocortical response underscores the significance of hormonal changes in preparing the organism to deal with stress effectively.